A Comparison of Objective and Subjective Measures of Social Media Usage to Predict Online Infidelity: Mediation by Technoference

Authors

  • Fiza Khalid
  • Jamil A. Malik

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol8.Iss1.463

Keywords:

Social Media, Infidelity, Technoference, Cyber Affairs, Digital Interruption, Online Cheating

Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the self-reported and objective measures of social media usage in predicting online infidelity while mediating the role of technoference. Data was collected from Islamabad and Gujranwala with sample included 310 married individuals (Male, n = 116, and females (n = 194), age (M = 35 years). A cross sectional survey research design, using purposive sampling technique was employed, with validated instruments including Technology Device Interference Scale, Internet Infidelity Scale, self-version and Social Desirability scale. Additionally, social media usage was assessed using both self-reported measures (daily usage hours) and objective measure of weekly time (Monday to Sunday) spend on social media apps from their smartphone usage logs including the three most frequently used apps along with the objectively recorded time spent on each apps. Findings show significant discrepancies in subjective and objective measures of social media usage, as individuals overestimate or underestimate their actual usage. Social media usage was significantly positively correlated with online infidelity, while technoference significantly mediated this relationship. Furthermore, gender differences were observed, with males reporting higher technoference and online infidelity than females. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating objective measures alongside with subjective measures of social media usage.

Author Biographies

Fiza Khalid

MPhil Scholar, National Institute of psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.  

Jamil A. Malik

Professor, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.  

References

Al-Zaman, M. S. (2025). Patterns and trends of global social media censorship: Insights from 76 countries. International Communication Gazette, 87(5), 401-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485241288768

Alexopoulos, C., Timmermans, E., & McNallie, J. (2020). Swiping more, committing less: Unraveling the links among dating app use, dating app success, and intention to commit infidelity. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.027

Abbasi, I. S., & Alghamdi, N. G. (2017). When flirting turns into infidelity: The Facebook dilemma. American Journal of Family Therapy, 45(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2016.1277804

Abbasi, I. S., & Alghamdi, N. G. (2018). The pursuit of romantic alternatives online: Social media friends as potential alternatives. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2017.1308450

Anzani, A., Di Sarno, M., & Prunas, A. (2018). Using smartphone apps to find sexual partners: A review of the literature. Sexologies, 27(3), e61–e65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2018.05.001

Botnen, E. O., Bendixen, M., Grøntvedt, T. V., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2018). Individual differences in sociosexuality predict picture-based mobile dating app use. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.021

Baum, K., Abramova, O., Gladkaya, M., & Krasnova, H. (2024). Objective Social Media Use and Well-Being: An Actual Behavior Study. https://hdl.handle.net/10125/106672

Clayton, R. B. (2014). The third wheel: The impact of Twitter use on relationship infidelity and divorce. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(7), 425–430. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0570

Clayton, R. B., Nagurney, A., & Smith, J. R. (2013). Cheating, breakup, and divorce: Is Facebook use to blame? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 717–720. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0424

Cooper, A. L. (1998). Sexuality and the Internet: Surfing into the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.187

Currin, J. M., Jayne, C. N., Hammer, T. R., Brim, T., & Hubach, R. D. (2016). Explicitly pressing send: Impact of sexting on relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 44(3), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2016.1145086

Docan-Morgan, T., & Docan, C. A. (2007). Internet infidelity: Double standards and the differing views of women and men. Communication Quarterly, 55(3), 317-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370701492519

Dibble, J. L., & Drouin, M. (2014). Using modern technology to keep in touch with back burners: An investment model analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.042

Drouin, M., Miller, D. A., & Dibble, J. L. (2014). Ignore your partners’ current Facebook friends; beware the ones they add! Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.032

Drouin, M., Miller, D. A., & Dibble, J. L. (2015). Facebook or memory: Which is the real threat to your relationship? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(10), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0259

Downloads

Published

28-02-2026

How to Cite

Khalid, F., & Malik, J. A. (2026). A Comparison of Objective and Subjective Measures of Social Media Usage to Predict Online Infidelity: Mediation by Technoference. Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH), 8(1), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol8.Iss1.463