http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/issue/feed 2025-11-18T18:46:40+00:00 Dr. Faisal Hyder Shah, and Dr. Irfan Ahmed Shaikh editor@prjah.org Open Journal Systems <h1><strong>Progressive Research Journal of Arts &amp; Humanities (PRJAH)</strong></h1> <p>Progressive Research Journal of Arts and Humanities (PRJAH) is an international, open access, peer reviewed, multidisciplinary, biannually published journal. PRJAH is in HEC Y-category, Google Scholar, CrossRef DOI and dedicated to promote and publish original articles in the relevant field of arts and humanitiesand aims to reduce the gap between research and practice. PRJAH provides a platform for the researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners and students to impart and share knowledge in the form of high quality empirical and theoretical research work. <a href="https://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/scope-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Read more</strong></a></p> http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/article/view/380 2025-10-29T15:22:14+00:00 Adeel Ahmed adeelbaloch@uot.edu.pk Riaz Ahmed riaz.ahmed@uot.edu.pk Abdul Majid Nasir abdul.majid@uot.edu.pk Waseem Barkat wasim.barkat@uot.edu.pk

Pakistan's blue economy has enormous potential to contribute to economic growth. This research aims to assess an in-depth review of commitments, perceptions and vulnerabilities and develop a conceptual framework for promoting a sustainable blue economy in Balochistan. The coastal areas of Balochistan are the primary motivation behind this research because of their vast coastline, ocean resources and central geographical location. The study helps in developing an awareness of the sustainable blue economy in the coastal areas of Balochistan, which contain abundant marine resources. Despite its strategic significance and rich marine resources, the region’s sustainable blue economy remains underdeveloped due to policy gaps, poor governance, weak institutional commitments, lack of stakeholder awareness, and socio-economic vulnerabilities. Numerous challenges and vulnerabilities exist in coastal communities of Balochistan, to have the trickledown effect of blue economy-related developments, community engagement, understanding the perceptions and assurance for inclusive development is crucial. The research focuses on the literature on key stakeholders, policy makers, departments, communities, and individuals associated with blue economy development. The outcomes of this research are valuable in terms of having an understanding of the national and international standards of the blue economy and will be helpful for policy.

2025-10-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/article/view/378 2025-10-29T14:58:42+00:00 Kamran Siraj kamransiraj.faculty@aror.edu.pk Fakhar Bilal fakhar@qau.edu.pk

The Musharraf administration-initiated madrassa reform on August 18, 2001, shortly before the transformative events of 9/11, which profoundly affected global affairs. Faced with heightened international pressure, especially from the Bush administration, Pervez Musharraf was obliged to align Pakistan with the war on terror, thereby complicating the government's educational reform agenda. A central element of this reform was the establishment of the Pakistan Madrassa Education Board, intended to incorporate madrassas into the national educational system. Nevertheless, these initiatives encountered strong resistance from the Ulama, who feared that madrassa autonomy would be undermined. Their concerns focused on three main points: first, that government officials should refrain from intervening in Madrassa internal affairs; second, that any changes to the traditional curriculum should be avoided to preserve established educational practices; and third, that the creation of Deni Madaris under government auspices could result in undue state control over madrassa content and operations. Despite assurances from the Musharraf administration that these fears were unfounded, the Ulama remained suspicious, particularly regarding the possibility that future governments might impose more intrusive measures. Consequently, the reform process was marked by a dynamic tension between governmental objectives and the entrenched interests of religious scholars, underscoring the complexities of educational reform within a highly politicized environment.

2025-10-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/article/view/376 2025-10-29T14:42:27+00:00 Khola Iftikhar Cheema kholacheema1989@gmail.com Tohid Ahmad chattha147@yahoo.com

Colonialism not only affected the economy and political structures of the colonised regions, but it also had long-term impacts in shaping and re-shaping the identities of those regions and the people. The colonial rulers saw everything indigenous through the Western lens and tried to simplify it to control and govern. For similar purposes, the colonial rulers tried to erase the multiplicity of identities in the region deliberately and labelled it as ‘South Asia’ and used it as a tool to simplify governance over the region’s vast and diverse populations. In this way, colonials not only strengthen their control over the region but also try to change the cultural map of the region. This paper will explore how the term ‘South Asia’ originated and became so popular. This paper also explores how the colonial rulers tried to shape the region’s identity through the Western perceptions of the region, presenting it as a monolithic, exotic, and often inferior in culture through the tools such as modern education, census politics, bureaucratic correctness and oriental historiography.

2025-10-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/article/view/379 2025-10-29T15:05:27+00:00 Faiz Muhammad Brohi faiz.brohi49@gmail.com Sumera Bhambhro bhanbhro.sumera@usindh.edu.pk Salma Rind rindsalma_456@yahoo.com

This paper aims to explore the themes in Emily Dickinson’s poetry to examine how death works as a character in her poetry. Emily Dickinson’s poems Behind Me Dips Eternity, Death is a Supple Suitor, Death is Like the Insect, I heard a Fly buzz - when I died, I know He exists, Said Death to Passion and This World is not Conclusion are chosen to analyse in order to carry out the research. This paper revolves around the hypothesis that in Emily Dickinson’s poetry death works as a living character. The selected poems are analysed on a qualitative basis, whereas textual analysis with close reading is used to find out Death description along with a discussion. The results show that in Emily Dickinson’s poetry death works as a character that works as an agent in different forms who will unite her with God; in fact, she is not obsessed with death but is obsessed with God. Death is just a character that will help her unite her with Him. In her poetry, Death has been used as a symbol of compassion. Besides, Death has been personified as a kind of compassion. Throughout Emily Dickenson’s poetry, Death is analysed as a connectivity from the mortal world to the immortal. In this study, the qualitative approach is used to analyse Emily Dickenson’s poetry in depth.

2025-10-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) http://prjah.org/index.php/prjah/article/view/383 2025-11-18T18:46:40+00:00 Rabia Yousaf rabiaasghar005@gmail.com Ma Xiaolin xiaolin.ma@hotmail.com

This paper analyses the post 9/11 strategic partnership between China and Pakistan as an external balancing strategy, especially in response to Indo-US strategic cooperation. It seeks to answer how Pakistan’s strategic alignment with China evolved as a deliberate external balancing mechanism to offset India’s post-9/11 regional ascendancy and the Indo-U.S. strategic partnership. Moreover, India’s growing and gaining its regional influence, this Study further asserts that the enhanced Sino-Pak alliance is a strategic tactic to contest India’s conventional and nuclear hegemony in South Asia. Post 9/11, Pakistan faced a strategic conundrum, with its role as a frontline ally in the war on terror and concurrently needed to develop its capacity to counter India’s bolstered defence posture after the Indo-US nuclear accord. This research evaluates China’s role as Pakistan’s primary defence and diplomatic partner, empowering Pakistan with its military support, arms shipments and development through strategic infrastructure. This study further highlights that by strengthening bilateral agreements, joint military cooperation and diplomatic alliance. This article extends the comprehension of external balancing in a trilateral context in terms of persistent rivalries and evolving partnerships post 9/11 in South Asia, impacting regional dynamics in terms of security too, by integrating economic interdependence, diplomatic collaboration, and security partnership.

2025-11-18T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)